The increasing demand for rice in Ghana has been a major concern to the government and other stakeholders. Recent concerns by the coalition for African Rice Development (CARD) to double rice production within ten years in Sub-Saharan countries have triggered the to implement strategies to boost rice production in the government. To fulfill this requirement, there is a need to monitor and forecast trends of rice production in the country. This study employs the Box-Jenkins approach to model milled rice production using time series data from 1960 to 2010. The analysis revealed that ARIMA (2, 1, 0) was the best model for forecasting milled rice production. Although, a ten years forecast with the model shows an increasing trend in production, the forecast value at 2015 (283.16 thousand metric tons) was not good enough to compare with the current production of Nigeria (2700 thousand metric tons), the leading producer of rice of rice in West Africa.

Education is a continually developing activity, it shapes the way an individual develops their attitudes, thoughts and behavior. Education is not just about being literate but it is an overall development of the person in every aspect of their lives. A society's educational system can be greatly linked to its culture as the culture that one is in have an affect on the type of curriculum the institutions will develop in order to cater to every individual of that particular culture. Education moulds and shapes a society and it is influenced by the culture of the particular country or society. The educational system acts as a point of reference for the society's needs and demands. The principles that dominate this article is culture and education are interrelated and interconnected. Every educational paradigm is influenced by the culture of the society in which it operates. This essay underlines the extensive connection between culture and education. As a result, the goal of this essay is to depict these features from a Philosophical-Psychological Approach.

In the last few decades there has been lots of discussion in the literature regarding robust optimization. Since Epsilon constraint is one of the most important technique in interactive problems, therefore in this paper, due to the importance of robust optimization and multi-objective programming problems, we consider Multi-Objective Linear Fractional Programming (MOLFP) problem in the presence of box-uncertainty in the coefficients of the objective functions. We propose an approach based on ε,-constraint and Charnes-Cooper methods to obtain weakly robust efficient solutions, that have special importance in the literature, for a MOLFP problems in the presence of uncertain data. Charnes-cooper method is applied to reduce a fractional programm to a non fractional programm. At the end we write the robust counterpart of the UMOLFP model in the presence of the box-uncertainty and it's equivalent linear programming problem: Finally a numerical example is used to show the usefulness of the proposed approach.

Artifacts are ubiquitous and influential in our world, but their nature and existence are controversial. Several theories have been proposed to explain the ontology of artifacts. Drawing on Popper's theory of three worlds, this paper suggests a metaphysics for artifacts along the line of a critical rationalist (CR) approach. This theory distinguishes between three realms of reality: the physical world (World 1), the mental world (World 2), and the world of objective knowledge (World 3). The paper argues that artifacts have different ontological components that correspond to these three realms, and that each component is real and causal. The paper shows how this perspective can account for the intentional and functional aspects of artifacts, as well as their dependence on plans that influence different realms of reality. The paper explains how this pluralistic ontology, compared to the rival theories, enables one to explain the relevant ontological problems of artifacts. The paper also explores how this proposal can lead to a research program encompassing a broader range of technologies, such as social artifacts. In sum, the paper suggests that Popper's three worlds theory provides a rich and comprehensive framework for understanding the metaphysics of artifacts.

Web application vulnerability scanners cannot detect business logic vulnerabilities (vulnerabilities related to logic) because they are not able to understand the business logic of the web application. To identify the business logic of the web application, this paper presents BLProM, Business-Layer Process Miner, the black-box approach that identi es business processes of the web application. Detecting business processes of the web applications can be used in dynamic security testing to identify business logic vulnerabilities in web applications. BLProM  rst extracts the navigation graph of the web application then identi es business processes from the navigation graph. The evaluation conducted on three well-known open-source web applications shows that BLProM can detect business logic processes. Experimental results show that BLProM improves web application scanning because it clusters web application pages and prevents scanning similar pages. The proposed approach is compared to OWASP ZAP, an open-source web scanner. We show that BLProM improves web application scanning about %96.

In order to obtain financial success, the risk of investment is very high, especially in short-life products like a movie. In the previous studies, linear and static models have been used to analyze the dynamics of this industry but because of their linearity, these models were not capable of analyzing the realities of the complexities and dynamics in the movie industry. Due to the tremendous importance of movie income for their investors, this research used a system dynamics model to forecast and evaluate the financial success of movies in the Iranian media market. By scrutinizing of the previous researches, as well as through in-depth interviews with six cinematic experts, this study extracts all the factors that may affect the sale of movies and evaluates the relationships between them. Results indicated that the most critical factor affecting the sale of a movie is the recognition of the target audience and to increase the success of a movie at the box-office, it is not necessary to spend much money for the presence of expensive stars. However, other factors, such as film marketing, holidays, critics and users' review and genre, have a significant impact on the success of selling these media products in movie theaters. Taken together, the theoretical and practical implications of this research in the field of cinema industry are discussed.